SOAL DAN JAWABAN BAHASA INGGRIS

speech production

the gross components of the speech system are the lungs, trachea (windpipe), larynx (organ of speech production), pharyngeal cavity (throat), oral or buccal cavity (mouth), and nasal cavity (nose).

in technical discussions, the pharyngeal and oral cavities are usually grouped into one unit referred to as the vocal tract, and the nasal cavity is often called the nasal tract. accordingly, the vocal tract begins at the output of the larynx (vocal cords or glottis) and terminates at the input to the lips. the nasal tract begins at the velum and ends at the nostrils. when the velum(a trapdoor-like mechanism at the back of oral cavity)is lowered, the nasal tract is acoustically coupled to the vocal tract to produce the nasal sounds of speech.

meanwhile, air enters the lungs via the normal breathing mechanism. as air is expelled from the lungs through the trachea, the tensed vocal cords within the larynx are caused to vibrate by the air flow. the airflow is cropped into quasi-periodic pulses, which later are modulated in frequency in passing through the throat, the oral cavity, and possibly the nasal cavity. decording on the position of the various articulators (i.e , jaw, tongue, velum, lips, and mouth), different sounds are produced.

in the physiological mechanism for creating speech, the 11 mgs and the associated muscles act as the source of the air for exciting the vocal mechanism. the muscle force pushes air out of the lungs and through the trachea.

when the vocal cords are tensed, the airflow causes them to vibrate, producing so-called voiced speech sounds. when the vocal cords are relaxed, in order to produce a sound, the airflow either must pass through a constriction in the vocal tract and thereby become turbulent, producing so-called unvoiced sounds, or it can build up pressure behind a point of the total closure is opened, the pressure is suddenly and abruptly release, causing a brief transient sound

1. what is the organization of the text?
general statement - explanation

2. what does the vocal tract start?
at the output of the larynx

3. what makes the tested vocal cords within the larynx vibrate?
the airflow

4. what is the main is the main idea of the last paragraph ?
how the vocal cords produce a sound

5. the muscle force pushes air out of the lungs and through the trachea (paragraph 4)
the underlined word has the similar meaning to : draw

rain is advantages because it brings water for all living things. but rain can be disastrous, too, because too much rain will cause floods which can wash away people, houses and other valuable properties.

the following is how rain is formed. the air is filled with tiny particles known as 'vapour'. vapour is a part of air. the air around us is constantly moving because the air near the surface of the earth is hotter and lighter. this is why this air rises. the air higher up in the sky is cold and heavy, so it sinks. the rising of hot air and the sinking of cold water cause the air to move. when the hot air rises to a certain level, the vapour presents in it, cools and changes to water. this is known as 'condensation'. when the water particles are too heavy for the air to carry. the air is said to be 'oversaturated'. the water particles then fall as rain.

6. the air cannot carry the water particles as they are so .... that they fall as rain. =heavy

7. what happens after the air is saturated? it falls as rain.

8. what is bad about rain?
it damages valuable properties.

9. what is the purpose of the text?
to share experience in a rainy season

10. anita is looking forward to her birthday because she .... a new watch. = has been promised

11. ''what happened to her skirt?''
''oh, .... when she jumped over the fence.'' =it was torn

12. ''how old is the mosque ?''
''well, it .... in 1870.'' = was built

13. ''when did the accident happen?''
''when the goods ... from the truck.'' = were being unloaded

14. ''why did those people panic?''
''their semi-permanent houses ... '' = are being demolished

15. ''can we get tickets for the second show of the jurasic park?''
''i think they .. '' = are sold out

16. ''have you delivered the packages to the customers?''
''not yet, some ... .'' = are still being wrapped

17. ''bambang looks very happy today.''
''dont you know he ... to general manager?'' = has been promoted

18. the president director agreed that the performance of the company has not been good these past few years. in fact, its organization ... now. = is being restructured

19. i am still waiting .... for an interview. = to be called